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Samarkand is the second biggest city of Republic of Uzbekistan and among as is age as Rome, Athens and Babylon- more than twenty-five centuries old. Ancient Arabian manuscripts refer to it as the “jewel of the East”, Europeans called it the “The Land of Scientists”. An impressive and beautiful city, Samarkand is the city of legends. When Alexander the Great 1st time saw Samarcand, he exclaimed “ I heard that the city was beautiful but never thought that it could be so beautiful and impressive”.

Sherdar Medressa, Lions gate

Based around 700 B.C. From the Sogdians, Samarkand has been among the primary centres of Persian civilisation from its youth. It was already the capital of the Sogdian under the Achaemenid dynasty  of Persia once Alexander the Great appropriated it in 329 B.C. . The Greeks adverted to Samarkand as Maracanda.
From the sixth to the thirteenth century it grew larger and more inhabited than New Samarkand and was commanded by the Western Turks, Arabs (who converted the area to Islam , Persian Samanids, Kara-Khanid  Turks, Seljuk Turks , Kara-Khitan , and Khorezmshah before being sacked by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1220. A little part of the population survived, but Samarkand hurt at the least one other Mongolian sack by Khan Baraq to get treasure he asked to pay an army with. The town took a lot of decades to go back from these tragedies.

Guri Amir Mausoleum

In 1500 the Republic of Uzbekistan Turks took charge of Samarkand. The Shaybanids emerged as the Uzbek leadership at or about this time.
The city got under Russian rule after the citadel had been taken by a force below Colonel Konstantinovich Petrovich Kaufman in 1868.
In 1886 the city turned the capital of the freshly formed Samarkand Oblast  of Russian Turkistan  and developed in importance still additional when the Trans-Caspian railroad  reached the city in 1888. It became the capital of the Uzbak SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Taskent in 1930.


The foursquare is traced on the 3 sides by sparkling and greenish blue covered buildings Ulugbek madrasa, Sherdor and Tilla Qori. Madrasa in Arabic language means The mediaeval universities. Inferior and outside facades of the madrassah are decorated with beautify of glazed brick, mosaic and carven marble. The foursquare is believed an architectural jewel representing the best in Islamic Art.

The additional historic site is Mausoleum of Tamerlane, among the magisterial conquerors in history, who earned Samarkand beloved by poets and travelers. The majesty of architectural forms and lines and colorful mosaic designs make this mausoleum a unique monument of medieval architecture. the famous blue ribbed cantaloupe dome of mausoleum rises over the tin roof-tops in central Samarkand. A massive slab of green jade, under which Tamerlane was laid is said to be the largest such stone in the world.